| English | Manx | |
|---|---|---|
| [1] | “Herod, myr ren eh loo peccoil myr shen ren eh ny s’peccoil y chooilleeney eh.” | |
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[1] “Herod, as he took a wicked oath, so he more wickedly performed it.”
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| [2] | YN CHIAGHTOO HOMILY[3] Jeh Agglish Hostyn NY | |
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[2] “THE SEVENTH HOMILY Of the Church of England OR”
[3] Whereas the other Manx homilies have rubrics in the margin and/or references in parentheses in the text, this one has only one reference in the text.
Other references are supplied by Thomson in his edition, from where I have borrowed them, marked in red in brackets. The printed text also has few paragraph breaks (none between pages 4 and 9), and insufficient punctuation. I have added editorial paragraph breaks, and have added (or amended) punctuation as indicated in red.
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| A SERMON AGAINST Swearing and Perjury | SHARMANE NOI GWEEAGHYN AS GOAILL LOO-OAIAGH. | |
| Almighty God, to the intent his most holy name should be had in honour, and evermore be magnified of the people, commandeth that no man should take his name vainly in his mouth, threatening punishment unto him that unreverently abuseth it by swearing, forswearing, and blasphemy. | Ta Jee ooilley-niartal, dy vod yn ennym casherick echeysyn ve ny s’yrjey er ny ooashlaghey, as ve dy bragh er ny ghloyraghey liorish e phobble, er harey nagh jean persoon erbee goaill yn ennym echeysyn ayns aght fardailagh ayns e veeal; baggyrt lesh kerraghey eshyn ta jannoo ymmyd jeh ayns aght neu-arrymagh, liorish loo cadjin, loo-oaiagh, as gueeaghyn. | |
| To the intent therefore that this commandment may be the better known and kept, it shall be declared unto you, both how it is lawful for Christian people to swear, and also what peril and danger it is vainly to swear, or to be forsworn. | Er-chee er-y-fa shen, dy vod yn sarey shoh ve ny share er ny hoiggal as er ny reayll, bee eh er ny ockley magh diuish, chammah er cre ny oyryn te lowal da Creesteenyn dy loo, as myrgeddin cre’n dangeyr t’ayns loo cadjin as loo-oaiagh. | |
| How and in what causes it is lawful to swear. | ||
| First, when judges require oaths of the people for declaration or opening of the truth, or for execution of justice, this manner of swearing is lawful. | Hoshiaght, tra ta Briwnyn geamagh er sleih dy loo cour fockley magh as soilshaghey yn irriney, dy vod cairys ve er ny yannoo, ta’n cheint shoh dy loo lowal. | |
| Also when men make faithful promises, with calling to witness of the name of God, to keep covenants, honest promises, statutes, laws, and good customs, as Christian princes do in their conclusions of peace, for conservation of commonwealths; and private persons promise their fidelity in matrimony, or one to another in honesty and true friendship; | Myrgeddin tra ta deiney jannoo gialdynyn firrinagh liorish geamagh er Jee gys feanish dy reayll conaantyn, gialdynyn onneragh, leighyn, oardaghyn, as cliaghtaghyn mie, myr ta Reeaghyn Creestee jannoo tra t’ad jannoo shee, son sauchys reeriaghtyn: As persooynyn er-lheh coyrt nyn mreearrey yn derrey yeh da’n jeh elley ayns poosey, ny ayns cooish onneragh erbee elley, as ayns caarjys firrinagh, | |
| and all men when they do swear to keep common laws, and local statutes, and good customs, for due order to be had and continued among men; when subjects do swear to be true and faithful to their king and sovereign lord; and when judges, magistrates, and officers swear truly to execute their offices; | as dy chooilley ghooinney tra t’eh loo dy reayll leighyn as oardaghyn as cliaghtaghyn mie yn cheer t’eh baghey ayn, dy vod ad ve dy kinjagh er nyn reayll seose mastey deiney, tra ta’n theay loo dy ve firrinagh da nyn Ree; As tra ta Briwnyn as fir-oik loo dy firrinagh dy chooilleeney curmyn nyn oik, | |
| and when a man would affirm the truth to the setting forth of God’s glory (for the salvation of the people) in open preaching of the Gospel, or in giving of good counsel privately for their souls’ health: | as tra ta deiney dy hickyraghey yn irriney cour soilshaghey magh gloyr Yee (son saualtys gheiney) ayns dy foshlit preacheil yn Sushtal, ny cur coyrle erbee son slaynt nyn anmeenyn: | |
| all these manners of swearing, for causes necessary and honest, be lawful. | Ta ny caghlaaghyn keint shoh dy loo son oyryn ymmyrchagh as onneragh lowal. | |
| But when men do swear of custom, in reasoning, buying, and selling, or other daily communications (as many be common and great swearers,) such kind of swearing is ungodly, unlawful, and forbidden by the commandment of God: | Agh tra ta deiney loo dy cadjin ayns pleadeil, ayns kionnaghey as creck, ny ayns ayrn erbee elley jeh nyn ymmyrkey gagh laa, (myr ta ymmodee looderyn cadjin as eajee) ta lheid y loo mee-chrauee, noi yn leigh, as mee-lowal liorish saraghyn Yee. | |
| for such swearing is nothing else but taking of God’s holy name in vain. | Son cha vel lheid y loo red erbee elley agh goaill ennym casherick Yee ayns fardail. | |
| And here is to be noted, that lawful swearing is not forbidden, but commanded by Almighty God: for we have examples of Christ and godly men, in holy Scripture, that did swear themselves, and required oaths of others likewise; and God’s commandment is, Thou shalt dread thy Lord God, and shalt swear by his name. Deut. vi. And Almighty God by his Prophet David saith, All men shall be praised that swear by him. Psal. lxiii. | As ayns shoh lhisagh tastey ve goit nagh vel sarey erbee noi loo er oyryn cooie, agh er ny harey liorish Jee ooilley-niartal. Son ta sampleyryn ain jeh Creest as deiney crauee ayns ny Scriptyryn casherick, ren ad-hene loo, as ren shirrey er sleih elley dy loo myrgeddin. As sarey Jee hene te, ver oo arrym da’n Chiarn dty Yee as nee oo loo liorish e ennym. [Deut. vi. 13.] As ta Jee ooilley-niartal gra liorish y Phadeyr David, “bee dy chooilley ghooinney er ny voylley ta loo liorishyn.” [Ps. lxiii. 12.] [4] | |
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[4] Not a literal quotation, but a paraphrase: while the Manx psalter has ‘adsyn ooilley myrgeddin ta loo biallys dasyn, vees er nyn moylley,’ the paraphrase matches rather the English AV which has ‘all they also that swear by him shall be commended.’
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| Thus did our Saviour Christ swear divers times, saying, Verily, verily: John iii. and St. Paul sweareth thus, I call God to witness: 2 Cor. i. and Abraham, waxing old, required an oath of his servant, that he should procure a wife for his son Isaac, which should come out of his own kindred: and the servant did swear that he would perform his master’s will. Gen. xxiv. | Myr shoh ren nyn Saualtagh Creest loo caghlaaghyn keayrt gra, Dy firrinagh, firrinagh. As ta’n Noo Paul loo myr shoh, “Ta mee geamagh er Jee gys feanish.” [2 Cor. i. 23][5] As ren Abraham tra v’eh er roie ayns eaish cur er e harvaant loo dy jinnagh eh geddyn da e vac Isaac ben jeh’n chynney echey hene, as ren y Charvaant loo dy jinnagh eh cooilleeney aigney e vainshtyr. [Gen. xxiv. 3, 9.] | |
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[5] Again, a paraphrase, not a quotation.
After this point the text of this homily does not use quotation marks for its paraphrased references (and only once, for an essentially exact quote, from Zechariah).
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| Abraham also, being required, did swear unto Abimelech the king of Geraris, that he should not hurt him, nor his posterity; and likewise did Abimelech swear unto Abraham. Gen. xxi.. | Ren Abraham (tra ve er ny hirrey er) loo da Abimeleck Ree Gerar nagh jinnagh eh assee da-hene ny da e lhuight, as ren Abimeleck myrgeddin loo da Abraham. [Gen. xxi. 23, 32.] | |
| And David did swear to be and to continue a faithful friend to Jonathan; and Jonathan did swear to become a faithful friend unto David | As ren David loo dy ve as dy hannaghtyn carrey firrinagh da Jonathan as ren Jonathan loo dy ve carrey firrinagh da David. [1 Sam. xx. 42.] | |
| Also God once commanded, that if a thing were laid to pledge to any man, or left with him to keep, if the same thing were stolen, or lost, that the keeper thereof should be sworn before judges, that he did not convey it away, nor used any deceit in causing the same to be conveyed away, by his consent or knowledge. | Myrgeddin ren Jee cheayrt dy row sarey, my va red erbee er ny choyrt myr Gioal da dooinney erbee, ny faagit echey dy hashtey, my va’n red cheddin er ny gheid ny caillit, dy neign dasyn huggey v’er ny choyrt dy hashtey loo kiongoyrt rish Briwnyn nagh ghow eh eh ersooyll, as nagh ren eh molteyrys erbee ayns geddyn eh currit lesh ersooyll liorish persoon erbee elley, liorish e chied ny lesh e hushtey. [Exod. xxii. 11.] | |
| And St. Paul saith, That in all matters of controversy between two persons, whereas one saith yea, and the other nay, so as no due proof can be had of the truth, the end of every such controversy must be an oath ministered by a judge. Heb. vi. | As ta’n Noo Paul gra, ayns dy chooilley streeu eddyr daa phersoon, tra ta’n derrey yeh gra she, as yn jeh elley cha nee, as nagh vel prowal erbee fondagh ry-gheddyn jeh’n irriney, dy chur jerrey er lheid y streeu dy negin da loo v’er ny ghoaill kiongoyrt rish Briw. [Heb. vi. 16.] | |
| And, moreover, God by the Prophet Jeremy saith, Thou shalt swear, the Lord liveth in truth, in judgment, in righteousness. Jer. iv. | As myrgeddin ta Jee liorish y Phadeyr Jeremiah gra, Nee oo loo myr ta’n Chiarn bio ayns firrinys, ayns briwnys as ynrickys. [Jer. iv. 2.] | |
| So that whosoever sweareth when he is required of a judge, let him be sure in his conscience that his oath have these three conditions, and he shall never need to be afraid of perjury. | Shen-y-fa quoi-erbee ta loo tra t’eh er ny eamagh huggey liorish Briw lhig da ve shickyrit ayns e chooinsheanse hene dy vel eh kiart ayns ny three ayrnyn shoh, as eisht cha lhiass da dy bragh goaill aggle dy jean eh loo-oaiagh. | |
| What conditions an oath ought to have. | ||
| First, he that sweareth must swear truly; that is, he must (setting apart all favour and affection to the parties) have the truth only before his eyes, and, for love thereof, say and speak that which he knoweth to be truth, and no further. | Hoshiaght, eshyn ta loo, shegin da loo dy firrinagh, ta shen (cur dy lhiattee dy chooilley foayr as aigney mie da’n derrey yeh ny da’n jeh elley jeusyn t’ec streeu) shegin da freayll yn irriney ynrycan kiongoyrt rish e hooillyn, as er graih yn ynrickys gra as loayrt shen ta fys echey dy ve yn irriney, as gyn veg smoo. | |
| The second. | ||
| The second is, he that taketh an oath, must do it with judgment; not rashly and unadvisedly, but soberly, considering what an oath is. | ’Sy nah ynnyd, eshyn ta goaill loo, shegin da jannoo eh lesh briwnys, cha nee dy daaney, as dy mee-choyrlagh, agh dy sheelt, smooinaghtyn dy dowin cre t’eh jannoo. | |
| The third | ||
| The third is, he that sweareth, must swear in righteousness; that is, for the very zeal and love which he beareth to the defence of innocency, to the maintenance of the truth, and to the righteousness of the matter or cause: all profit, disprofit, all love and favour unto the person for friendship or kin | ’Sy trass ynnyd, eshyn ta loo shegin da loo ayns ynrickys, ta shen son y ghraih jeean t’echey dy endeil onid, dy chummal seose yn irriney, as dy hoilshaghey cheu chairagh yn chooish; tilgey dy lhiattee dy chooilley smooinaghtyn jeh cosney ny coayl, dy chooilley ghraih as foayr gys yn derrey phersoon er graih mooinjerys ny caarjys. | |
| Why we be willed in Scripture to swear by the name of God | ||
| Thus an oath (if it have with it these three conditions) is a part of God’s glory, which we are bound by his commandments to give unto him: for he willeth that we shall swear only by his name; not that he hath pleasure in our oaths; but like as he commanded the Jews to offer sacrifice unto him, not for any delight that he had in them, but to keep the Jews from committing of idolatry; so, he commanding us to swear by his holy name, doth not teach us that he delighteth in swearing, but he thereby forbiddeth all men to give his glory to any creature in heaven, earth, or water. | Myr shoh ta loo (my t’eh firrinagh ayns ny three ayrnyn shoh) ayrn jeh’n gloyr shen ta shin kianlt liorish saraghyn Yee dy eeck da. Son t’eh yn aigney echeysyn dy jinnagh shiu[6] loo ynrycan liorish yn ennym echeysyn: cha nee er-yn-oyr dy vel taitnys echeysyn ayns loo, agh myr hug eh sarey da ny Hewnyn dy hebbal ourallyn huggeysyn, cha nee er coontey taitnys erbee v’echey ayns ourallyn, agh dy reayll ny Hewnyn voish cur ooashley da Jallooyn; myr shen, tra t’eh sarey shiu dy loo liorish yn ennym casherick echeysyn, cha vel eh gynsaghey shiu dy vel eshyn goaill taitnys ayns loo, agh t’eh liorish shen mee-lowal dy chooilley ghooinney dy choyrt yn ghloyr echeysyn da cretoor erbee ayns niau, er yn ooir, ny ayns yn ushtey. | |
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[6] Here and below in this paragraph, the translator replaces ‘we’ with ‘you’.
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| Isaiah xlii. | ||
| Commodities had by lawful oaths made and observed | ||
| Hitherto you see that oaths lawful are commanded of God, used of patriarchs and prophets, [Psalm xv.][7] of Christ himself, and of his Apostle Paul. | Liorish ny ta er ve rait, hee shiu dy vel Dy Loo ayns aght lowal er ny harey liorish Jee, er ny yannoo liorish ny shen ayryn as Phadeyryn [Ps. xv. 5], liorish Creest hene, as e Ostyl Paul. | |
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[7] This ref in 1817.
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| Therefore Christian people must think lawful oaths both godly and necessary. | Shen-y-fa shegin da dy chooilley Chreestee jeeaghyn er loo ayns aght cooie, dy ve crauee as ymmyrchagh. | |
| For by lawful promise and covenants, confirmed by oaths, princes and their countries are confirmed in common tranquillity and peace. By holy promises, with calling the name of God to witness, we be made lively members of Christ, when we profess his religion receiving the sacrament of baptism. | Son liorish gialdynyn as conaantyn lowal, er ny hickyraghey liorish loo, ta Reeaghyn as ny cheeraghyn oc er nyn reayll ayns shee as sauchys; liorish gialdynyn casherick, geamagh er ennym Yee ta shiu jeant oltyn bio jeh corp Chreest tra ta shiu goaill rish yn chredjue echey ayns Bashtey. | |
| By like holy promise the sacrament of matrimony knitteth man and wife in perpetual love, that they desire not to be separated for any displeasure or adversity that shall after happen. | Liorish gialdynyn casherick myrgeddin ta shirveish y phoosee sniemmey dy cheilley dooinney as ben, cha shickyr ayns graih nagh vel ad geearree dy ve er ny scarrey liorish lhag-haghyrt erbee dy vel cheet ny raad oc. | |
| By lawful oaths, which kings, princes, judges and magistrates do swear, common laws are kept inviolate, justice is indifferently ministered, harmless persons, fatherless children, widows and poor men, are defended from murderers, oppressors, and thieves, that they suffer no wrong, nor take any harm. | Liorish ny looghyn lowal ta Reeaghyn as Briwnyn as Fir-oik gurneil, ta leighyn y theay er ny reayll gyn brishey, ta Briwnys dy kiart er ny choyrt, ta persoonyn oney, cloan gyn Ayr, mraane treoghe, as deiney boghtey er nyn vendeil voish dunveryn, tranlaasee as maarlee, nagh jean ad surranse aggair ny geddyn assee. | |
| By lawful oaths, mutual society, amity, and good order is kept continually in all commonalties; as boroughs, cities, towns, and villages: and by lawful oaths malefactors are searched out, wrong doers are punished, and they which sustain wrong are restored to their right: | Liorish loo ayns aght lowal ta commeeys, graih, as ymmyrkey mie er ny reayll seose ayns cheeraghyn, reeriaghtyn, as ard-valjyn. As liorish loo ayns aght lowal ta drogh-yantee er ny gheddyn magh, as er nyn gerraghey, as adsyn ta surranse aggair geddyn cairys. | |
| therefore lawful swearing cannot be evil, which bringeth unto us so many godly, good, and necessary commodities. | Shen-y-fa cha vod loo ayns aght lowal ve olk ta cur lesh hooin whilleen red casherick, mie as ymmyrchagh. | |
| Vain swearing is forbidden. | ||
| Wherefore, when Christ so earnestly forbad swearing, it may not be understood as though he did forbid all manner of oaths: but he forbiddeth all vain swearing and forswearing both by God, and by his creatures, as the common use of swearing in buying, selling, and in our daily communication, to the intent every Christian man’s word should be as well regarded in such matters, as if he should confirm his communication with an oath: for every Christian man’s word, saith St. Hierom, should be so true, that it should be regarded as an oath. | Shen-y-fa tra ta Creest mee-lowal loo ayns aght cha jeean, cha vod eh ve er ny hoiggal myr dy beagh eh mee-lowal dy chooilley cheint dy loo, agh t’eh mee-lowal loo ayns aght fardailagh, as loo-oaiagh liorish Jee, ny veg jeh e chretooryn, ta shen loo cadjin ayns nyn ghellalyn, as ayns nyn dhaggloo cadjin, er-chee dy vod fockle dy chooilley Chreestee ve er ny ghoaill er lheid ny oyryn unchooid as[8] dy beagh eh dy hickyraghey ny t’eh dy ghra liorish loo. Son lhisagh fockle dy chooilley Chreestee, ta Hierom gra, ve cha firrinagh dy lhisagh eh ve[9] jeeaghyt er myr loo. | |
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[8] unchooid as] cf.
Cregeen: ‘yn un chooid, s. the same, one and the same; Gen. xli. 26 Ta ny shiaght booaghyn mie, cowraghey shiaght bleeantyn; as ta ny shiaght jeeassyn mie shiaght bleeantyn: ta’n dreamal yn unchooid. ‘The seven good kine are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one.’’ Dorraghys oie ta’n un chooid da / as soilshey’n ghrian ec y vun-laa, Hymn
[211]. Should we read yn unchooid as here?
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| And Chrysostom, witnessing the same, saith, It is not convenient to swear: for what need we to swear, when it is not lawful for one of us to make a lie unto another? | As ta Chrysostom loayrt gys yn ymmyd cheddin gra, cha vel eh jesh dy loo, son cre’n oyr ta shiu loo tra nagh vel eh lowal dooin dy yannoo breg yn derrey yeh da’n jeh elley? | |
| An objection. | ||
| Peradventure some will say, I am compelled to swear, for else men that do commune with me, or do buy and sell with me, will not believe me. | Foddee dy jir paart, Ta mee eginit dy loo, son er aght elley cha jean adsyn ta mee loayrt roo, adsyn ta mee kionnaghey voue, ny creck roo, mee y chredjal. | |
| An answer. | ||
| To this answereth St. Chrysostom, that he that thus saith, sheweth himself to be an unjust and a deceitful person: | Gys shoh ta Chrysostom gansoor dy vel eshyn ta loayrt myr shoh soilshaghey eh-hene dy ve dooinney neu-chairagh as molteyragh, | |
| for if he were a trusty man, and his deeds taken to agree with his words, he should not need to swear at all: | son dy beagh eh dooinney treishteilagh as e yannoo er ny akin dy ve cordail rish e ghoan, cha beagh veg y feme echey loo. | |
| for he that useth truth and plainness in his bargaining and communication, he shall have no need, by such vain swearing, to ring himself in credence with his neighbours; nor will his neighbours mistrust his sayings. | Son eshyn ta cur tastey da firrinys as jeeryd ayns e ghellallyn as e ghoan, cha bee feme erbee echey dy ghoaill ennym Yee ayns fardail, dy vod eh ve er ny chredjal liorish e naboonyn, as nagh bee ad mee-ouryssagh mychione ny t’eh gra. | |
| And, if his credence be so much lost indeed, that he thinketh no man will believe him without he swear, then he may well think his credence is clean gone:[10] | ||
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[10] This sentence is omitted in the translation.
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| for truth it is, as Theophylactus writeth, that no man is less trusted, than he that useth much to swear: and Almighty God by the Wise Man saith, That man which sweareth much shall be full of sin, and the scourge of God shall not depart from his house. Ecclus. xxiii. | Son te firrinagh nagh vel dooinney erbee ny sloo treishtit na eshyn ta loo ayns e ghlare cadjin. As ta Jee Ooilley-niartal liorish beeal yn dooinney creeney gra, yn dooinney shen ta loo dy mennic bee eh lane dy pheccah, as cha jean kerraghey Yee scughey voish e hie. [Ecclus. xxiii. 11.] | |
| Another objection. | ||
| But here some men will say, for excusing of their many oaths in their daily talk, Why should I not swear, when I swear truly? | Agh ayns shoh jir paart cour leshtal y yannoo son nyn lane loo ayns nyn daggloo cadjin, Cre’n oyr nagh jinnin loo tra ta mee loo dy firrinagh? | |
| An answer. | ||
| To such men it may be said, that though they swear truly, yet in swearing often, unadvisedly, for trifles, without necessity, and when they should not swear, they be not without fault; but do take God’s most holy name in vain. | rish lheid ny persoonyn oddys eh ve rait, ga dy vel ad loo dy firrinagh, ny yeih ayns loo dy mennic as dy mee-choyrlagh son reddyn dy veggan foaynoo, fegooish ymmyrch ve er y hon, as tra nagh lhisagh ad loo, cha vel ad fegooish foill, agh ta’d goaill ennym smoo casherick Yee ayns fardail. | |
| Much more ungodly and unwise men are they, that abuse God’s most holy name, not only in buying and selling of small things daily in all places; but also in eating, drinking, playing, communing, and reasoning: | Agh foddey s’mee-chrauee as s’mee-cheeayllee ta ny deiney shen ta jannoo drogh-ymmyd jeh ennym smoo casherick Yee, cha nee ynrycan ayns kionnaghey as creck, ayns dagh cooish[11] as ayns dagh boayll, agh myrgeddin ayns gee as giu, as cloie as pleadeil cadjin; | |
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[11] ayns dagh chooish] mistranslates ‘of small things daily.’
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| as if none of these things might be done, except in doing of them the most holy name of God be commonly used and abused, vainly and unreverently talked of, sworn by, and forsworn, to the breaking of God’s commandment and procurement of his indignation. | Myr nagh voddagh ad veg jeh ny reddyn shoh y yannoo fegooish dy cadjin, dy fardailagh, as dy mee-arrymagh goaill ennym smoo casherick Yee as loo liorish, myr shoh brishey saraghyn Yee, as tayrn neose orroo-hene e chorree. | |
| The Second Part of the Sermon of Swearing. | Yn Nah Ayrn. | |
| You have been taught in the first part of this Sermon against swearing and perjury, what great danger it is to use the name of God in vain; and that all kind of swearing is not unlawful, neither against God’s commandment; and that there be three things required in a lawful oath. | Ta shiuish er ve ynsit ayns y chied ayrn jeh’n Homily shoh noi loo cadjin, as loo-oaiagh dy vel eh erskyn-towse dangeyragh dy ghoaill ennym Yee ayns fardail, as nagh vel dy chooilley cheint dy loo neu-lowal, cha moo noi saraghyn Yee, as dy vel three reddyn ymmyrchagh ayns loo lowal. | |
| First, that it be made for the maintenance of the truth: secondly, that it be made with judgment, not rashly and unadvisedly; thirdly, for the zeal and love of justice. | Hoshiaght, dy bee eh er ny yannoo dy chummal seose yn irriney. ’Sy nah ynnyd, dy bee eh jeant lesh briwnys, cha nee dy eddrym as dy mee-choyrlagh. ’Sy trass ynnyd, trooid jeeanid as graih er cairys. | |
| Ye heard also what commodities come of lawful oaths; and what danger cometh of rash and unlawful oaths. | Ta shiu er chlashtyn myrgeddin cre ny messyn ta er nyn ymmyrkey liorish loo lowal, as cre’n dangeyr t’ayns loo eddrym as neu-lowal; | |
| Now as concerning the rest of the same matter, you shall understand, that as well they use the name of God in vain that by an oath make unlawful promises of good and honest things, and perform them not, as they which do promise evil and unlawful things and do perform the same. | as nish mychione yn ayrn elley jeh’n chooish cheddin, bee toiggal currit diu, dy vel chammah adsyn goaill ennym Yee ayns fardail ta liorish loo jannoo gialdynyn neu-lowal[13] mychione reddyn mie as onneragh as nagh vel dy chooilleeney ad; chammah roosyn ta jannoo gialdynyn olk as neu-lowal as ta cooilleeney ad. | |
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[13] neu-lowal] The 1810 English text of the Homilies has unlawful here, though the logic of the argument requires a contrast between legitimate (lawful, later called honest) promises that are not fulfilled, and unlawful (later, wicked) promises that are fulfilled; 1817 has, indeed, lawful, from which we infer that it cannot be this version on which Manx Homily 7 is based.
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| Lawful oaths and promises would be better regarded. | ||
| Of such men that regard not their godly promises bound by an oath, but wittingly and wilfully break them, we do read in holy Scripture two notable punishments. | Jeh nyn lheid as nagh vel cur tastey da nyn ghialdynyn mie er ny hickyraghey liorish loo, agh ta dy arryltagh as jeh nyn-yione dy vrishey ad, ta shin lhaih ayns ny Scriptyryn casherick daa cherraghey baghtal. | |
| First, Joshua and the people of Israel made a league and faithful promise of perpetual amity and friendship with the Gibeonites Josh. ix. : | Hoshiaght, ren Joshua as pobble Israel conaant as gialdyn firrynagh jeh caarjys kinjagh rish ny Gibeonityn [Josh. ix.], | |
| notwithstanding afterwards, in the days of wicked Saul, many of these Gibeonites were murdered, contrary to the said faithful promise made: wherewith Almighty God was so sore displeased, that he sent an universal hunger upon the whole country, which continued by the space of three years: and God would not withdraw his punishment, until the said offence was revenged by the death of seven sons, or next kinsmen of king Saul. | ny-yeih ny lurg shen ayns laaghyn Saul mee-chrauee, va lane jeh ny Gibeonityn er nyn ghunverys, as yn conaant shickyr shen er ny vrishey. Liorish shoh va corree Yee cha trome er ny vrasnaghey dy dug eh gortey cadjin er y slane cheer ren tannaghtyn three bleeaney; as cha jinnagh Jee goaill ersooyll yn kerraghey derrey va lhiassaghey er ny yannoo er y hon, liorish baase shiaght Mec ny deiney mooinjerey sniessey Ree Saul. [2 Sam. xxi. 1–9]. | |
| And whereas Zedechias, king of Jerusalem, had promised fidelity to the king of Chaldea; afterward, when Zedechias, contrary to his oath and allegiance, did rebel against King Nebuchodonosor; this heathen king, by God’s permission and sufferance, invading the land of Jewry, and besieging the city of Jerusalem, compelled the said king Zedechias to flee, and in fleeing took him prisoner, slew his sons before his face, and put out both his eyes; and binding him with chains, led him prisoner miserably into Babylon. 2 Kings xxiv. xxv. | As er-yn-oyr dy ren Zedekiah Ree Yerusalem gialdyn biallys da Ree ny Chaldeanee, ny lurg shen tra ren Zedekiah brishey e loo as gobbal yn viallys v’eh er ghialdyn, as ren eh girree magh noi Ree Nabuchodonozor, ren y Ree ashoonagh shoh liorish kied Yee jannoo caggey er thalloo Yudea, as cruinnaghey mygeayrt ard-valley Yerusalem deginagh eh Ree Zedekiah dy hea, as ayns chea ghow eh eh ny phryssoonagh, varr eh, e vec kiongoyrt rish e hooillyn, as hug eh ny sooillyn ass hene, as kianley eh lesh geulaghyn, lheeid eh eh ny phryssoonagh treih gys Babylon. [2 Reeaghyn xxiv., xxv.] | |
| Thus doth God show plainly how much he abhorreth breakers of honest promises bound by an oath made in his name. | Myr shoh ta Jee soilshaghey dy baghtal cre’n dwoaie t’echey orroosyn ta brishey gialdynyn firrinagh jeant ayns yn ennym echeysyn. | |
| Unlawful oaths and promises are not to be kept. | ||
| And of them that make wicked promises by an oath, and will perform the same, we have example in the Scriptures, chiefly of Herod, of the wicked Jews, and of Jephtha. | As orroosyn ta jannoo gialdynyn peccoil liorish loo as cooilleeney yn chooid cheddyn, ta sampleyryn ain ayns ny Scriptyryn; ayns aght er-lheh jeh Herod, jeh ny Hewnyn mee-chrauee, as jeh Jephtha. | |
| Herod promised by an oath unto the damsel which danced before him, to give unto her whatsoever she would ask; when she was instructed before of her wicked mother, to ask the head of St. John Baptist. | Ren Herod breearrey liorish loo da’n ven-aeg ren daunsyn kiongoyrt rish dy chur jee cre erbee baill’ee shirrey, lurg jeeish ve ynsit liorish e Moir mee-chrauee dy hirrey kione Ean Bashtey. | |
| Herod, as he took a wicked oath, so he more wickedly performed the same, and cruelly slew the most holy Prophet. Matth. xiv. | Herod myr ren eh loo peccoil, myr shen ren eh ny s’peccoil y chooilleeney eh, as hug eh dy dewil gy baase yn Phadeyr smoo casherick. [Mian xiv. 7–11.] | |
| Likewise did the malicious Jews make an oath, cursing themselves if they did either eat or drink, until they had slain St. Paul. Acts xxiii. | Myr shen myrgeddin ren ny Hewnyn goanlyssagh jannoo breearrey, guee mollaght orroo hene my yinnagh ad gee ny giu derrey v’ad er varroo Paul. [Jannoo xxiii. 12.] | |
| And Jephtha, when God had given him victory of the children of Ammon, promised (of a foolish devotion) unto God, to offer for a sacrifice unto him, that person which of his own house should first meet with him after his return home. | As Jephtha, tra va Jee er chur yn varriaght da harrish cloan Ammon, ren eh gialdyn (ayns smooinaghtyn aggairagh dy chraueeaght da Jee) dy hebbal son oural huggeysyn yn persoon shen jeh e lught-thie hene hoshiaght yinnagh meeteil eh lurg da roshtyn thie. | |
| By force of which fond and unadvised oath, he did slay his own and only daughter, which came out of his house with mirth and joy to welcome him home. | Liorish cur tastey da’n loo ommijagh as eddrym shoh hug eh gy baase e ynrycan inneen haink magh ny whail lesh boggey as gerjagh dy chur oltaghey-bea da. | |
| Thus the promise which he made (most foolishly) to God, against God’s everlasting will, and the law of nature, most cruelly he performed; so committing against God a double offence. Judges xi. | Myr shoh va’n breearrey ren eh dy feer ommijagh da Jee noi aigney dy bragh farraghtyn Yee, as va leigh dooghys dy dewil er ny vrishey, as myr shoh va peccah dooble er ny yannoo noi Jee. [Briwnyn xi. 30–39.] | |
| Therefore, whosoever maketh any promise, binding himself thereunto by an oath, let him foresee that the thing which he promiseth be good and honest, and not against the commandment of God, and that it be in his own power to perform it justly: and such good promises must all men keep evermore assuredly. | Shen-y-fa quoi erbee ta jannoo breearrey as kianley eh-hene huggey liorish loo, lhig da jeeaghyn roish dy vel yn red t’eh dy vreearrey mie as cairagh, as cha nee noi leighyn Yee, as dy vel eh ayns y phooar echey hene dy chooilleeney eh dy fondagh. | |
| But if a man at any time shall, either of ignorance, or of malice, promise and swear to do anything which is either against the law of Almighty God, or not in his power to perform, let him take it for an unlawful and ungodly oath. | As lheid ny gialdynyn shegin da dy chooilley ghooinney freayll dy shickyr. Agh my haghyrys da dooinney erbee, eddyr trooid almoraght, ny ayns goanlys, dy vreearrey as dy loo dy yannoo red erbee ta eddyr noi leighyn Yee ooilley-niartal, ny ass e phooar dy chooilleeney, lhig da jeeaghyn er myr breearrey mee-lowal as mee-chrauee. | |
| Against perjury. | ||
| Now something to speak of perjury, to the intent you should know how great and grievous an offence against God this wilful perjury is, I will shew you what it is to take an oath before a judge upon a book. | As nish dy loayrt jeh loo-oaiagh. Er-chee dy vod shiu toiggal cre’n peccah mooar as dwoaiagh ayns shilley Yee t’eh dy ghoaill loo-oaiagh, neem soilshaghey diu cre te dy goaill loo roish Briw er y lioar. | |
| An oath before a Judge. | ||
| First, when they, laying their hands upon the Gospel book, do swear truly to inquire, and to make a true presentment of things wherewith they be charged, and not to let from saying the truth, and doing truly, for favour, love, dread, or malice of any person, as God may help them, and the holy contents of that book; they must consider, that in that book is contained God’s everlasting truth, his most holy and eternal word, whereby we have forgiveness of our sins, and be made inheritors of heaven, to live for ever with God’s angels and his saints, in joy and gladness. | Hoshiaght, tra ta sleih cur nyn laueyn er y lioar, yn Sushtal casherick, as loo dy chur coontey firrinagh jeh lheid ny reddyn as vees er ny hoiaghey rhymboo, as gyn dy ve er ny lhiettal voish loayrt yn irriney as jannoo dy cairagh son foayr, ny graih, ny aggle, ny goanlys da persoon erbee, myr nee Jee cooney lhieu as yn leigh smoo casherick t’ayns y lioar shen: shegin daue smooinaghtyn dy dowin dy nee ayns y lioar smoo casherick shoh ta firrinys dy bragh farraghtyn Yee, e ghoo smoo casherick as dy bragh farraghtyn, liorish ta shin cosney leih nyn beccaghyn as er nyn yannoo eiraghyn dy reeriaght Niau, dy vaghey son dy bragh marish ainleyn as Nooghyn Yee ayns boggey as gerjagh. | |
| In the Gospel book is contained also God’s terrible threats to obstinate sinners, that will not amend their lives, nor believe the truth of God’s holy word; and the everlasting pain prepared in hell for idolaters, hypocrites, for false and vain swearers, for perjured men, for false witness bearers, for false condemners of innocent and guiltless men, and for them which for favour hide the crimes of evil-doers, that they should not be punished. | Ayns y Sushtal casherick ta myrgeddin briwnyssyn atchimagh Yee noi peccee chreoi-wannallagh nagh jean lhiassaghey nyn mea dy chredjal firrinys Yee, e ghoo casherick, as yn treihys dy bragh farraghtyn er ny chiarail ayns niurin cour Jallooderyn as crauee-oalsey, cour looderyn oaiagh, as looderyn fardailagh, cour feanishyn foalsey, cour ocsyn ta dy foalsey deyrey deiney oney as gyn loght, as adsyn ta trooid foayr kieltyn loghtyn drogh yantee nagh bee ad er nyn gerraghey. | |
| So that whosoever wilfully forswear themselves upon Christ’s holy Evangely, they utterly forsake God’s mercy, goodness, and truth, the merits of our Saviour Christ’s nativity, life, passion, death, resurrection, and ascension; | Shen-y-fa quoi-erbee ta goaill loo-oaiagh er y Sushtal casherick t’eh dy bollagh tilgey voish myghin mieys, as firrinys Yee as dy chooilley vondeish jeh toilchinys Chreest, yn cheet er y theihll echey, e vea, e hurranse, e irree-seose-reesht as goll-seose gys Niau. | |
| they refuse the forgiveness of sins, promised to all penitent sinners, the joys of heaven, the company with angels and saints for ever: all which benefits and comforts are promised unto true Christian persons in the Gospel. | Ta’d gobbal dy ghoaill leih peccaghyn er ny ghialdyn da dy chooilley pheccagh arryssagh, ooilley gerjaghyn Niau, sheshaght marish ny Ainleyn as Nooghyn son dy bragh, ooilley ny vondeishyn as ny gerjaghyn shoh ta giallit da Creesteenyn firrinagh ayns y Tushtal. | |
| And they, so being forsworn upon the Gospel, do betake themselves to the Devil’s service, the master of all lies, falsehood, deceit, and perjury, provoking the great indignation and curse of God against them in this life, and the terrible wrath and judgment of our Saviour Christ, at the great day of the last judgment, when he shall justly judge both the quick and the dead, according to their works | As lurg daue myr shoh goaill loo oaiagh er y Sushtal kianley ad-hene gys shirveish yn drogh-spyrryd, bun dy chooilley vreg, dy chooilley oalsaght as dy chooilley loo-oaiagh, brasnaghey jymmoose hrome as mollaght Yee nyn oi ’sy vea shoh, as e eulys atchinagh as briwnys Yeesey Creest nyn oï er laa mooar as atchimagh ny Briwnys, tra nee eh dy cairagh briwnys chammah ny bio as ny merriu cordail rish nyn obbraghyn. | |
| . For whosoever forsaketh the truth, for love or displeasure of any man, or for lucre and profit to himself, doth forsake Christ, and with Judas betray him. | Son quoi-erbee ta treigeil yn irriney er coontey graih ny jymmoose gheiney, ny son cosney scammyltagh da-hene, t’eh treigeil Creest, as t’eh marish Judas dy vrah eh. | |
| Though perjury do escape here unspied and unpunished, it shall not do so ever. | ||
| And although such perjured men’s falsehood be now kept secret, yet it shall be opened at the last day, when the secrets of all men’s hearts shall be manifest to all the world: and then the truth shall appear, and accuse them; and their own conscience, with all the blessed company of heaven, shall bear witness truly against them: and Christ, the righteous Judge, shall then justly condemn them to everlasting shame and death. | As ga dy vod lheid ny looghyn-oaiagh as adsyn ta jannoo ad ve nish keillit, ny-yeih bee ooilley lheid ny cooishyn er nyn vosley er y laa jerrinagh, tra vees folliaght dy chooilley chree er ny hoilshaghey da’n slane seihll, as eisht bee’n irriney er ny gheddyn magh nee ad y gheyrey as nee nyn gooinsheanse hene, as ooilley sheshaght vannit Niau gymmyrkey feanlsh dy firrinagh nyn oï; as nee Creest yn Briw cairagh dy cairagh ad y gheyrey gys nearey as baase dy bragh farraghtyn. | |
| This sin of perjury Almighty God, by the prophet Malachy, doth threaten to punish sore; saying unto the Jews, I will come to you in judgment, and I will be a swift witness and a sharp judge upon sorcerers, adulterers, and perjured persons. Malac. iii. | Yn peccah shoh dy loo oaiagh ta Jee liorish y Phadeyr Malachi baggyrt dy cherraghey dy trome, gra rish ny Hewnyn, as higyms dy chion erriu gys briwnys; As beem’s my eanish gyere noi ny fir-obbee, as noi ocsyn ta brishey poosey, as noi ny looderyn-oaiagh. [Mal. iii. 5.] | |
| Which thing to the prophet Zachary God declareth in a vision; wherein the Prophet saw a book flying, which was twenty cubits long, and ten cubits broad; | Ny reddyn cheddin ren Jee soilshaghey da’n Phadeyr Zachary ayns ashlish (Zech. v. 1.) ayn honnick yn Phadeyr lioar skianagh-etlagh, yn lhiurid echey va feed cubit, as y lheead echey jeih cubityn; | |
| God saying then unto him, This is the curse that shall go forth upon the face of the earth, for falsehood, false swearing, and perjury: and this curse shall enter into the house of the false man, and into the house of the perjured man, and it shall remain in the midst of his house, consume him, and the timber and stones of his house. [Zechar. v.][14] | Eisht dooyrt Jee rishyn, “Shoh yn mollaght ta goll magh harrish slane eaghtyr y thallooin; son bee dy chooilley vaarliagh er ny yiarey[15] jeh, as bee dy chooilley unnane ta goaill loo-oaiagh er ny yiarey jeh, ver-ym lhiam magh eh, ta’n Chiarn dy ghra, as hed eh stiagh ayns thie yn vaarliagh, as ayns y thie echeysyn ta loo dy foalsey liorlsh my ennym’s, as nee eh tannaghtyn ayns mean e hie, as ver eh naardey eh marish yn fuygh echey, as marish ny claghyn echey.” [Zech. v. 2–4] | |
|
[14] Reference in 1817.
[15] er ny yiarey] giarit in the Manx Bible. Apart from some abbreviation, the quotation here otherwise is exact.
| ||
| Thus you see, how much God doth hate perjury, and what punishment God hath prepared for false swearers and perjured persons. | Myr shoh ta shiu fakin cre’n dwoaie t’ec Jee er loo-oaiagh, as cre’n kerraghey t’eh er charail cour lheid as ta goaill eh. | |
| Thus you have heard how and in what causes it is lawful for a Christian man to swear; ye have heard what properties and conditions a lawful oath must have, and also how such lawful oaths are both godly and necessary to be observed: | Myr shoh ta shiu er chlashtyn cre’n aght, as cre’n oyr t’eh lowal da Creestee dy loo; ny breearraghyn lowal chammah ymmyrchagh as casherick. | |
| ye have heard, that it is not lawful to swear vainly, that is, other ways than in such causes, and after such sort, as is declared. | Ta shiu er chlashtyn nagh vel eh lowal dy loo ayns aght fardailagh. Ta shen er aght ny er oyr erbee elley agh nyn lheid as ta er ve soilshit diu, | |
| And finally, ye have heard how damnable a thing it is, either to forswear ourselves, or to keep an unlawful and unadvised oath. | as er jerrey, ta shiu er chlashtyn cre’n red mollaghtagh eh dy ghoaill loo- oaiagh, ny dy reayll loo eddrym as neu-lowal. | |
| Wherefore let us earnestly call for grace, that all vain swearing and perjury set apart, we may only use such oaths as be lawful and godly, and that we may truly without all fraud keep the same, according to God’s will and pleasure. | Shen-y-fa lhig dooin dy jeean geam son grayse dy vod dy chooilley loo-oaiagh as fardailagh ve currit veih ny mast’ ain, as dy vod mayd jannoo ymmyd jeh breearraghyn lowal as casherick, as dy vod mayd dy firrinagh as fegooish molteyrys freayll yn chooid cheddin cordail rish aigney Yee. | |
| To whom, with the Son, and Holy Ghost, be all honour and glory. Amen | Huggeysyn marish y Mac, as y Spyrryd Noo, dy row dy chooilley ooashley as gloyr. Amen. | |
| London: Printed by Ellerton and Henderson, Johnson’s Court and Gough Square, for the Prayer-Book and Homily Society; and sold at the Society’s House, Salisbury Square. | ||
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